We know that all chemical reactions are affected by temperature and batteries rely on chemical reactions toproduce electricity. It is easy to conclude that temperature affects battery performance. The best function of thebattery is room temperature. Even a slight difference in temperature will change the capacity and life. Temperature also affects battery life. Batteries work best at room temperature. If the temperature rises to 30°C for a long time, the battery life will be shortened by 20%. At 45°C the service life is significantly reduced to 50%.
Just like humans, batteries work best at room temperature. Warming up a dead cell phone battery or a flashlight in jeans can increase the run time by accelerating the electrochemical reaction. This is probably also why manufacturers prefer to specify batteries at a comfortable 27°C (80°F). Operating a battery at higher temperatures improves performance, but prolonged exposure shortens its life.
As temperature rises, internal resistance decreases and chemical metabolism increases, thus increasingbattery capacity. However, if such a condition continues for a long time, the battery life will be shortened. Whenthe temperature rises by 50°C, the battery’s performance improves by 12%. Conversely, As the temperature decreases, the internal resistance increases and the chemical metabolic rate decreases,thus decreasing the capacity of the battery. If the battery capacity is 10% at 27°C, it drops significantly to 50%at 18°C.
Exposure to extreme heat can also cause a battery to fail or leak, which can be dangerous. Therefore, it’s important to store and use batteries in a cool, dry place and avoid exposing them to extreme temperatures.
Some other temperature factors that affect the battery life:
Cold temperatures: At lower temperatures, the capacity of a battery may decrease. This means that a battery that would normally be able to provide a certain amount of power may not be able to provide as much power when it is cold. Furthermore, the internal resistance of the battery increases at lower temperatures, which can make it harder for the battery to deliver power to a load.
Very cold temperatures: At very cold temperatures, a battery may not be able to provide any power at all. This is because the chemical reactions that take place inside the battery slow down as the temperature drops. This can make it difficult for the battery to generate electricity and can cause the battery to fail.
High temperatures: High temperatures can shorten the overall life of a battery. The high temperature causes the electrolyte to evaporate and the electrodes to degrade quickly. Additionally, high temperatures can cause the battery to self-discharge at a faster rate which can decrease the overall life of the battery.
Extreme heat: Exposure to extreme heat can cause a battery to fail or leak. This can happen if the temperature inside the battery gets too high, causing the electrodes or electrolyte to expand and rupture. This can be dangerous as leakage of battery electrolyte can cause skin irritation and damage to eyes.
Self-discharge rate: The self-discharge rate of batteries increases with increasing temperature. This means that a battery that is stored at a higher temperature will lose its charge more quickly than a battery that is stored at a lower temperature.